Ceev ceev prototyping

Lub tshuab prototyping sai siv laser sintering (SLS)

3D qauv slicing
Rapid prototyping yog ib pab pawg ntawm cov txheej txheem siv los tsim cov qauv ntsuas ntawm lub cev lossis kev sib dhos siv peb-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) cov ntaub ntawv.Kev tsim kho ntawm ib feem lossis kev sib dhos feem ntau yog ua tiav siv 3D luam ntawv lossis "additive layer manufacturing" technology.

Thawj txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim qauv sai sai tau muaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1980s thiab tau siv los tsim cov qauv thiab cov qauv qauv.Niaj hnub no, lawv tau siv rau ntau yam kev siv thiab siv los tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo hauv cov lej me me yog tias xav tau yam tsis muaj kev lag luam luv luv tsis zoo.Qhov kev lag luam no tau txhawb nqa cov chaw pabcuam hauv online.Kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm RP thev naus laus zis pib nrog kev sib tham ntawm simulacra cov tswv yim siv los ntawm 19th-xyoo pua sculptors.Qee cov sculptors niaj hnub siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam los tsim kev nthuav qhia thiab ntau yam khoom.Lub peev xwm los tsim cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim rau cov teeb meem ntawm txoj cai, raws li tam sim no muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv ntim los ntawm cov duab ib sab.

Raws li nrog CNC subtractive txoj kev, lub computer-aided-design - computer-aided manufacturing CAD -CAM workflow nyob rau hauv cov tsoos sai prototyping txheej txheem pib nrog cov creation ntawm geometric cov ntaub ntawv, xws li ib tug 3D khoom siv ib tug CAD workstation, los yog 2D slices siv ib tug. tshuab luam ntawv.Rau prototyping sai cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum sawv cev rau tus qauv geometric siv tau;xws li, ib tug uas nws ciam teb nto npog ib tug finite ntim, tsis muaj qhov exposing sab hauv, thiab tsis txhob quav rov qab rau lawv tus kheej.Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom yuav tsum muaj "hauv".Tus qauv siv tau yog tias rau txhua qhov chaw hauv 3D qhov chaw lub khoos phis tawj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov taw qhia ntawd nyob hauv, rau, lossis sab nraud ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tus qauv.CAD post-processors yuav kwv yees li ntawm daim ntawv thov cov neeg muag khoom 'cov ntaub ntawv CAD geometric sab hauv (piv txwv li, B-splines) nrog rau daim ntawv lej yooj yim, uas nyob rau hauv lem tau qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv teev hom ntawv uas yog ib tug ntau feature nyob rau hauv additive manufacturing: STL cov ntaub ntawv hom, tus qauv de facto rau kev hloov cov qauv duab geometric rau SFF cov cav tov.

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov kev tswj hwm qhov tsim nyog los tsav lub SFF tiag tiag, kev tsim qauv sai, 3D luam ntawv lossis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv, cov qauv geometric tau npaj feem ntau yog hlais rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab cov hlais tau muab xa mus rau hauv kab (tsim "2D kos duab" siv los tsim. trajectory raws li nyob rau hauv CNC's toolpath), mimicking nyob rau hauv thim rov qab txheej txheej-rau-txheej txheej txheem lub cev lub tsev.

1. Cov chaw thov
Kev nrawm nrawm kuj tseem siv tau hauv software engineering los sim cov qauv kev lag luam tshiab thiab cov ntawv thov xws li Aerospace, Automotive, Kev Pabcuam Nyiaj Txiag, Kev tsim khoom, thiab kev kho mob.Aerospace tsim thiab kev lag luam pab pawg vam khom rau kev tsim qauv txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem AM tshiab hauv kev lag luam.Siv SLA lawv tuaj yeem ua ntau yam ntawm lawv cov haujlwm hauv ob peb hnub thiab pib sim sai dua.Rapid Prototyping tso cai rau cov neeg tsim qauv / cov neeg tsim khoom los muab lub tswv yim tseeb ntawm yuav ua li cas cov khoom tiav yuav tig tawm ua ntej muab sijhawm ntau thiab nyiaj txiag rau hauv tus qauv.3D luam ntawv tau siv rau Rapid Prototyping tso cai rau muaj 3D luam ntawv los ua qhov chaw.Nrog rau qhov no, koj tuaj yeem muaj cov pwm loj rau cov khoom seem uas tau muab tawm sai sai hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.

2. Keeb kwm
Nyob rau xyoo 1970, Joseph Henry Condon thiab lwm tus ntawm Bell Labs tau tsim lub Unix Circuit Design System (UCDS), automating the laborious and error-prone task of manually converting drawings to fabricate circuit boards for the purpose of research and development.

Los ntawm xyoo 1980, Asmeskas cov neeg tsim cai lij choj thiab cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam raug yuam kom nco ntsoov tias Asmeskas txoj kev tswj hwm hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej siv tshuab evaporated, nyob rau hauv lub npe hu ua tshuab cuab yeej teeb meem.Ntau qhov haujlwm tau nrhiav los tawm tsam cov qauv no hauv thaj chaw ib txwm muaj CNC CAM, uas tau pib hauv Asmeskas.Tom qab ntawd thaum Rapid Prototyping Systems tau tsiv tawm ntawm qhov chaw sim mus rau kev lag luam, nws tau lees paub tias kev txhim kho twb tau dhau los lawm thoob ntiaj teb thiab US cov tuam txhab prototyping sai yuav tsis muaj cov khoom kim heev uas cia cov hlau lead ploj mus.Lub National Science Foundation yog lub kaus rau National Aeronautics thiab Space Administration (NASA), US Department of Energy, US Department of Commerce NIST, US Department of Defense, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), thiab Lub Chaw Haujlwm ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb tau sib koom ua ke cov kev tshawb fawb los qhia rau cov neeg npaj tswv yim hauv lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab.Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm no yog 1997 Rapid Prototyping hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Nyij Pooj Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm uas Joseph J. Beaman tus tsim ntawm DTM Corporation muab cov kev xav txog keeb kwm:

Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis sai tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau kev coj ua hauv topography thiab duab kos duab.Tsis pub dhau TOPOGRAPHY Blanther (1892) tau qhia txog txheej txheej txheej txheej rau kev ua pwm rau tsa cov ntawv nyem qhov chaw saum toj kawg nkaus .Cov txheej txheem koom nrog txiav cov kab contour ntawm cov phiaj xwm uas tau muab tso ua ke.Matsubara (1974) ntawm Mitsubishi tau npaj cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus nrog cov duab hardening photopolymer resin los ua cov txheej nyias txheej los ua cov pwm pwm.PHOTOSCULPTURE yog cov txheej txheem xyoo pua 19th los tsim cov khoom siv peb-dimensional replicas.Feem ntau nto moo Francois Willeme (1860) muab 24 lub koob yees duab nyob rau hauv ib ncig array thiab ib txhij yees duab ib yam khoom.Tom qab ntawd lub silhouette ntawm txhua daim duab yog siv los ua ib lub replica.Morioka (1935, 1944) tau tsim cov duab puab thiab cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus uas siv cov teeb pom kev zoo los ua kom pom cov kab ntawm cov khoom.Cov kab tuaj yeem raug tsim los ua cov ntawv thiab txiav thiab muab tso rau, los yog npaj rau cov khoom siv rau carving.Cov txheej txheem Munz (1956) tau tsim cov duab peb sab ntawm ib qho khoom los ntawm kev xaiv nthuav tawm, txheej los ntawm txheej, duab emulsion ntawm lub piston qis.Tom qab kho, lub tog raj kheej pob tshab muaj cov duab ntawm cov khoom.

—Joseph J. Beaman
"Lub hauv paus pib ntawm Rapid Prototyping - RP stems los ntawm kev lag luam CAD puas tau loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov qauv tsim qauv ntawm CAD.Ua ntej cov qauv tsim khoom tau qhia nyob rau xyoo 1980's, cov qauv peb-seem tau tsim nrog cov hlau thav duab thiab qhov chaw.Tab sis tsis yog kom txog thaum kev txhim kho cov qauv tsim muaj tseeb tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab xws li RP.Charles Hull, uas tau pab nrhiav 3D Systems hauv 1986, tsim thawj RP txheej txheem.Cov txheej txheem no, hu ua stereolithography, tsim cov khoom los ntawm kev kho cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm qee yam ultraviolet lub teeb-sensitive kua resins nrog lub zog qis laser.Nrog rau kev qhia txog RP, CAD cov qauv khoom tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej tam sim ntawd ".

Cov thev naus laus zis hu ua Solid Freeform Fabrication yog qhov peb lees paub niaj hnub no raws li kev tsim tawm sai, 3D luam ntawv lossis kev tsim khoom ntxiv: Swainson (1977), Schwerzel (1984) tau ua haujlwm ntawm polymerization ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob polymer ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob lub computer tswj laser kab.Ciraud (1972) suav hais tias yog magnetostatic los yog electrostatic deposition nrog electron beam, laser los yog plasma rau sintered nto cladding.Tag nrho cov no tau npaj tab sis nws tsis paub yog tias cov tshuab ua haujlwm tau tsim.Hideo Kodama ntawm Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute yog thawj zaug luam tawm ib tus account ntawm cov qauv khoom siv uas siv photopolymer ceev prototyping system (1981).Thawj thawj 3D ceev prototyping system cia siab rau Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) tau tsim nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1992 los ntawm Stratasys tab sis cov patent tsis tau tawm mus txog rau thaum Lub Rau Hli 9, 1992. Sanders Prototype, Inc tau qhia thawj lub desktop inkjet 3D tshuab luam ntawv (3DP) siv ib qho invention los ntawm lub yim hli ntuj 4,1992 (Helinski), Modelmaker 6Pro nyob rau hauv lig 1993 thiab ces lub loj muaj 3D tshuab luam ntawv, Modelmaker 2, nyob rau hauv 1997. Z-Corp siv lub MIT 3DP hmoov khi rau Direct Shell Casting (DSP) invented 1993 tau qhia rau kev ua lag luam nyob rau hauv 1995. Txawm tias thaum ntxov lub sij hawm lub tshuab tau pom tias muaj ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv manufacturing xyaum.Ib qho kev daws teeb meem tsawg, tsis muaj zog tso zis muaj nuj nqis hauv kev tsim qauv, kev tsim pwm, ntau lawm jigs thiab lwm qhov chaw.Outputs tsis tu ncua mus rau ntau dua specification siv.Sanders Prototype, Inc. (Solidscape) pib raws li Rapid Prototyping 3D Printing chaw tsim tshuaj paus nrog Modelmaker 6Pro rau kev txi Thermoplas tic qauv ntawm CAD qauv siv Drop-On-Demand (DOD) inkjet ib leeg nozzle tshuab.

Kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub tau nrhiav, txhawm rau txhim kho kev nrawm thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov ntawv thov ntau lawm.Ib qho kev txhim kho loj heev uas RP koom nrog cov cheeb tsam hauv CNC yog cov khoom siv dawb qhib-qhov chaw ntawm cov ntawv thov qib siab uas ua rau tag nrho CAD-CAM toolchain.Qhov no tau tsim ib lub zej zog ntawm cov khoom siv qis qis.Hobbyists tau txawm ua forays mus rau ntau xav tau laser-tshuaj ntaus ntawv tsim

Cov npe ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm RP Txheej Txheem lossis Fabrication Technologies luam tawm xyoo 1993 tau sau los ntawm Marshall Burns thiab piav qhia txhua tus txheej txheem kom meej.Nws kuj tseem muaj npe qee cov thev naus laus zis uas tau ua ntej rau cov npe ntawm cov npe hauv qab no.Piv txwv li: Visual Impact Corporation tsuas yog tsim lub tshuab luam ntawv qauv rau kev tso quav ciab thiab tom qab ntawv tso cai patent rau Sanders Prototype, Inc.BPM siv tib lub inkjets thiab cov ntaub ntawv.