Dub oxide los yog blackening yog ib txheej hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov ntaub ntawv ferrous, stainless hlau, tooj liab thiab tooj liab raws li alloys, zinc, hmoov hlau, thiab nyiaj solder.[1]Nws yog siv los ntxiv me ntsis corrosion kuj, rau qhov tsos, thiab kom txo tau lub teeb pom kev zoo.[2]Yuav kom ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws corrosion kuj, cov oxide dub yuav tsum tau impregnated nrog roj lossis siv quav ciab.[3]Ib qho ntawm nws qhov zoo dua lwm cov txheej txheem yog nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus buildup.
1. Cov khoom siv ferrous
Cov txheej txheem dub oxide yog magnetite (Fe3O4), uas yog cov neeg kho tshuab ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw thiab muab kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua li liab oxide (xeb) Fe2O3.Cov kev lag luam niaj hnub no los ua cov oxide dub suav nrog cov txheej txheem kub thiab nruab nrab kub tau piav qhia hauv qab no.Cov oxide kuj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem electrolytic hauv anodizing.Cov txheej txheem tsoos tau piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm ntawm bluing.Lawv muaj kev txaus siab rau keeb kwm, thiab tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg nyiam nyiam ua cov oxide dub kom zoo nrog cov khoom siv me me thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
Tsis tshua muaj kub oxide, kuj tau piav qhia hauv qab no, tsis yog txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab - cov txheej txheem kub qis tsis oxidize cov hlau, tab sis tso cov tooj liab selenium.
1.1 Kub dub oxide
da dej kub ntawm sodium hydroxide, nitrates, thiab nitrites ntawm 141 ° C (286 ° F) yog siv los hloov cov khoom nto rau hauv magnetite (Fe3O4).Dej yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv rau hauv lub da dej ib ntus, nrog rau kev tswj kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tawg.
Kub blackening yuav dipping ib feem rau hauv ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam.Cov khoom ua haujlwm feem ntau yog "dipped" los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom siv hluav taws xob rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam.Cov tso tsheb hlau luam muaj, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, alkaline ntxuav, dej, caustic soda ntawm 140.5 ° C (284.9 ° F) (lub blackening compound), thiab thaum kawg lub sealant, uas feem ntau yog roj.Lub caustic soda thiab kub siab ua rau Fe3O4 (dub oxide) tsim rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau es tsis txhob Fe2O3 (liab oxide; xeb).Thaum nws yog lub cev denser dua li liab oxide, cov xim dub oxide tshiab yog ntxeem tau, yog li cov roj tau siv rau qhov cua sov, uas khi nws los ntawm "sinking" rau hauv nws.Kev sib xyaw ua ke tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm lub workpiece.Muaj ntau qhov zoo ntawm blackening, feem ntau:
Blackening tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv cov khoom loj (zoo tagnrho rau qhov me me).
Tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev (cov txheej txheem blacking tsim ib txheej txog 1 µm tuab).
Nws yog pheej yig dua li kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo sib xws, xws li xim thiab electroplating.
Qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab siv dav tshaj plaws rau cov kub dub oxide yog MIL-DTL-13924, uas suav nrog plaub chav kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem rau cov substrates sib txawv.Lwm cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb suav nrog AMS 2485, ASTM D769, thiab ISO 11408.
Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem siv los blacken hlau ropes rau kev siv theatrical thiab cov teebmeem ya.
1.2 Mid-kub dub oxide
Zoo li kub dub oxide, nruab nrab kub dub oxide hloov qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hlau mus rau magnetite (Fe3O4).Txawm li cas los xij, mid-kub dub oxide blackens ntawm qhov kub ntawm 90-120 ° C (194-248 ° F), tsawg dua kub oxide dub.Qhov no yog qhov zoo vim tias nws qis dua qhov kev daws qhov kub hnyiab, txhais tau tias tsis muaj cov pa taws ua pa.
Txij li thaum nruab nrab kub dub oxide yog feem ntau piv rau kub dub oxide, nws kuj muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov tub rog specification MIL-DTL-13924, raws li zoo raws li AMS 2485.
1.3 Txias dub oxide
Txias dub oxide, tseem hu ua chav kub dub oxide, yog siv rau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 20-30 ° C (68-86 ° F).Nws tsis yog txheej txheej oxide hloov pauv, tab sis yog cov khoom siv tooj liab selenium.Txias dub oxide muab cov khoom tsim tau ntau dua thiab yooj yim rau hauv tsev blackening.Cov txheej no ua rau cov xim zoo sib xws rau ib qho kev hloov pauv oxide ua, tab sis nyiam rub tawm tau yooj yim thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua.Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov roj, siv quav ciab, los yog lacquer coj cov corrosion kuj mus txog par nrog kub thiab nruab nrab kub.Ib daim ntawv thov rau cov txheej txheem txias dub oxide yuav yog hauv cov cuab yeej thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm cov hlau (patina rau hlau).Nws tseem hu ua txias bluing.
2. Tooj
Specular reflectange ntawm cupric oxide.svg
Dub oxide rau tooj liab, qee zaum paub los ntawm lub npe lag luam Ebonol C, hloov cov tooj liab mus rau cupric oxide.Rau cov txheej txheem ua hauj lwm saum npoo yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 65% tooj liab;rau tooj liab qhov chaw uas muaj tsawg tshaj li 90% tooj liab nws yuav tsum xub pretreated nrog ib tug activating kev kho mob.Cov txheej txheej tiav yog chemically ruaj khov thiab adherent heev.Nws ruaj khov mus txog 400 ° F (204 ° C);saum toj no kub lub txheej degrades vim oxidation ntawm lub hauv paus tooj liab.Txhawm rau txhim kho corrosion, qhov saum npoo yuav oiled, lacquered, lossis waxed.Nws kuj yog siv los ua kev kho mob ua ntej rau kev pleev xim lossis enamelling.Qhov saum npoo tiav feem ntau yog satin, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tig glossy los ntawm txheej hauv cov xim ntshiab-gloss.
Nyob rau ntawm microscopic nplai dendrites tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw tiav, uas cuab lub teeb thiab ua kom nqus tau.Vim hais tias ntawm cov cuab yeej no cov txheej yog siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, microscopy thiab lwm yam kev siv kho qhov muag kom txo tau lub teeb reflections.
Hauv cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board (PCBs), kev siv cov oxide dub muab cov adhesion zoo dua rau cov txheej fiberglass laminate.PCB yog dipped nyob rau hauv ib da dej uas muaj hydroxide, hypochlorite, thiab cuprate, uas yuav depleted nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb Cheebtsam.Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov tooj liab oxide dub los ntawm ib feem ntawm lub khob thiab ib nrab los ntawm PCB tooj liab circuitry.Raws li kev soj ntsuam microscopic, tsis muaj tooj liab (I) oxide txheej.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm US tub rog specification yog MIL-F-495E.
3. Stainless hlau
Kub dub oxide rau stainless hlau yog sib tov ntawm caustic, oxidizing, thiab sulfur ntsev.Nws blackens 300 thiab 400 series thiab nag lossis daus-hardened 17-4 PH stainless hlau alloys.Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia thiab me me-carbon steel.Qhov ua tiav tiav ua raws li cov tub rog specification MIL-DTL-13924D Class 4 thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj.Dub oxide tiav yog siv rau ntawm cov cuab yeej phais hauv qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo kom txo qhov muag nkees.
Chav-kub blackening rau stainless hlau tshwm sim los ntawm nws pib-catalytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tooj liab-selenide depositing ntawm stainless-steel nto.Nws muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg dua thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion tib yam li cov txheej txheem kub blackening.Ib daim ntawv thov rau chav kub kub blackening yog nyob rau hauv architectural tiav (patina rau stainless hlau).
4. Zinc
Dub oxide rau zinc kuj paub los ntawm lub npe lag luam Ebonol Z.Lwm yam khoom yog Ultra-Blak 460, uas blackens zinc-plated thiab galvanized nto yam tsis siv chrome thiab zinc tuag-casts.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-23-2021